The October 9 visit by Kazakhstan’s president, Nursultan Nazarbaev, to Brussels will serve as a pointed reminder of the European Union’s colossal failure to secure human rights improvements as part of its engagement with this government, whose human rights record has gone from bad to worse in recent years.
On the agenda for Nazarbaev and his host, outgoing EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso, is what the External Action Service has termed the “political sealing” of upgraded relations in the form of an enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) between the EU and Kazakhstan.
This despite two realities that simply don’t add up:
The first, a clear pledge at the outset of the negotiations some three years ago now by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton to link advancement of relations with Kazakhstan to progress in reforms. To quote her directly, “Strengthening EU-Kazakhstan relations does not – and cannot – occur independently from the progress of political reforms in Kazakhstan,” and, “The success of negotiations on the new agreement will be influenced by the advancement of political reforms and fulfilment of Kazakhstan’s international commitments.”
The second reality – Kazakhstan’s human rights record, which, problematic to begin with, has only further deteriorated in the years since the enhanced PCA negotiations were opened.
Clearly, Kazakhstan did not get the message from the EU. And no wonder, since Brussels also appears to have completely dropped the ball, with no evidence that it used the negotiations process to advance human rights improvements.
It is no surprise that an October 7 opinion piece by Nazarbaev in the Wall Street Journal ahead of the Brussels visit makes no reference to human rights or democracy.
Over the past year, Kazakhstan authorities have used a restrictive law on public assemblies to jail or fine dozens of people for participating in or organizing peaceful protests. In February, for example, police in Almaty broke up small-scale protests, including a one-person protest by a blogger, Dina Baidildaeva, and in May, 10 people were sentenced to up to four days in jail for attending a protest gathering outside Astana.
Authorities have also cracked down further on free speech and dissent, including closing independent and opposition newspapers, such as Pravdivaya Gazeta in February and the Assandi Times in April.
The government has also clamped down on minority religious groups, using a restrictive religion law to fine or detain worshipers for peacefully practicing religions that are outside of state control. According to Forum18, a religious freedom watchdog, as of July, a dozen people had been jailed since the year began, and over 45 people had been fined.
A major legislative overhaul by the government ignored serious misgivings expressed by leading Kazakh human rights groups, resulting in the adoption of new criminal and administrative codes and a new law on trade unions that further restrict fundamental freedoms in breach of international standards.
Prominent opposition leader Vladimir Kozlov, labor activists Rosa Tuletaeva and Maksat Dosmagambetov, and rights defender Vadim Kuramshin remain behind bars despite flawed trials. In July, in a practice reminiscent of Soviet-era punishment, the authorities forced an independent lawyer, Zinaida Mukhortova, into involuntary psychiatric detention, where she remains.
But instead of the EU following up on its pledges to link the process toward elevated relations to progress in human rights by articulating the kinds of reforms it expected Kazakhstan to take, EU statements since those early, welcome ones by Ashton have made no reference either to the pledges or to the country’s glaring lack of political reforms.
Ignoring a problem won’t make it go away. It is also not likely to go down well with the European Parliament, whose consent is required for the enhanced PCA to enter into force. In two separate resolutions on Kazakhstan, most recently in 2013, the parliament has already made clear that enhanced relations with Kazakhstan should be linked to rights improvements, stressing that “progress in the negotiation of the new PCA must be linked to the progress of political reform.”
Thursday’s visit by Kazakhstan’s leader gives Barroso a golden opportunity to rectify this sorry record and bring human rights squarely back into the equation. He should seize this chance to reaffirm the EU’s stance on the core importance of human rights in the relationship and convey a clear expectation of meaningful reforms before the enhanced PCA is concluded.
