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* Respect international humanitarian and human rights law, particularly the prohibitions on targeting civilians, indiscriminate bombardment, and destruction and looting of civilian property.
* Permit the creation of humanitarian aid corridors as a matter of urgency.
* Cease the aerial bombardment of urban areas and other zones where bombs cannot reasonably be directed solely at military objectives.
* Stop using weapons that are indiscriminate by nature and particularly harmful to the civilian population, such as antipersonnel landmines.
* Prohibit summary executions and torture, and punish those responsible for such acts.
* Halt the seizure by troops and officials of food and non-food items from the civilian population that subject civilians to the threat of death through starvation, disease, or exposure.
* Permit the International Committee of the Red Cross to visit persons detained in connection with the conflict, according to its specific criteria.
* Provide the U.N.'s Sanctions Committee with a list of registered aircraft in Angola.
* Provide the U.N.'s Sanctions Committee with a list of authorized signatures and stamps for Certificates of Origin for diamonds legally exported from Angola.
* Assist the U.N.'s Sanctions Committee's investigative panels with information, including what it knows about sanctions-busting by individuals and government employees in Angola.
* Permit the U.N. to maintain its Human Rights Division in Angola and allow this division to carry out investigations throughout the country and to publish reports.
* Respect international humanitarian law, particularly the prohibitions on targeting civilians, indiscriminate bombardment, and destruction or looting of civilian property.
* Permit humanitarian aid corridors as a matter of urgency.
* Stop indiscriminate shelling of besieged cities.
* Stop using weapons that are indiscriminate by nature and particularly harmful to the civilian population, particularly antipersonnel landmines.
* Prohibit summary executions and torture, and punish those responsible for such acts.
* Refrain from forcible conscription into UNITA's forces.
* Stop the recruitment of minors for military service and the use of child soldiers; no one under the age of eighteen should be inducted into the military or permitted to participate in hostilities.
* Stop forced portering.
* Permit freedom of movement.
* Halt the seizure by soldiers and officials of food and non-food items from the civilian population that expose civilians to the threat of death through starvation, disease, or exposure.
* Guarantee freedom of expression and freedom of association in territory under UNITA control.
* Allow access and the neutral provision of humanitarian assistance to all populations in need in territory under UNITA control. Protect humanitarian assistance from looting or being diverted for military use.
* Permit the International Committee of the Red Cross to visit persons detained in connection with the conflict, according to its specific criteria.
* Permit free access by the U.N.'s Human Rights Division to areas under which UNITA operate.
To the Observing Troika (Portugal, Russia, and the United States) and the U.N.'s Committee of Friends for Angola (China, Côte D'Ivoire, France, Gabon, Russia, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, United States, and Zimbabwe)
Human Rights Watch recommends that these countries, as the official mediators in past and future peace processes, should:
* Impose immediate national arms embargoes and make public details on any weapons sales or other military assistance to Angola since the Lusaka Protocol.
* Maintain pressure on the Angolan government and UNITA to respect human rights and humanitarian law and permit access to relief operations.
* The Security Council should institute an arms embargo on Angola, applicable to both the government and UNITA.
* Demand that member states submit all information on past weapons exports to Angola to the U.N. Register on Conventional Weapons.
* The U.N. Sanctions Committee should commission an independent report, to be made public, on the means by which the origins of Angolan rough diamonds can be identified.
* Support the work of the expert investigative panels of the Angola Sanctions Committee and publish the findings on sanctions-busting, especially the company names and registration numbers of known transhipment aircraft; companies involved in sanctions-busting; as well as the individuals and states involved.
* Publish the names of states, commercial companies, and individuals who consistently obstruct or refuse to assist the work of the Sanctions Committee's expert investigative panels.
* Ensure that in any future U.N. mission to Angola that impunity for human rights abuses is not an integral part of the operational mandate.
* Support the work of the Human Rights Division, mandate it to conduct investigative work on abuses, and ensure that its findings are published.
To the Organization of African Unity (OAU)
* Assist the U.N. in its attempts to monitor and prevent UNITA sanctions-busting.
* Enact legislation or regulations making it a criminal offence, punishable under domestic law, for their citizens or other individuals operating on their territory to violate Security Council-imposed sanctions against UNITA. Identify specific legal penalties, such as heavy fines or imprisonment.
To the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)
* Assist the U.N. in its attempts to monitor and prevent UNITA sanctions-busting.
* Enact legislation or regulations making it a criminal offence, punishable under domestic law, for their citizens or other individuals operating on their territory to violate Security Council-imposed sanctions against UNITA.
* Take steps to regulate all shipments of fuel across national frontiers in order to block fuel shipments to UNITA.
To the European Union and Other Members of the International Community
* In order to end cycles of violence in Angola, the international community should maintain a strong focus on Angola and assure that respect for human rights and the rule of law are foundations of the government.
* Assist the U.N. in its attempts to monitor and prevent UNITA sanctions-busting.
* Enact legislation making it a criminal offence, punishable under domestic law, for their citizens or other individuals operating on their territory to violate Security Council-imposed sanctions against UNITA.
* Support the imposition of an arms embargo on Angola, applicable to both the government and UNITA.
To the International Diamond Companies and Dealers
* Refuse to purchase or distribute any diamonds suspected of having been acquired in violation of the U.N. embargo and inform the police and U.N. of the source of such diamonds.
* Assist in the implementation of a global monitoring and certification scheme to ensure compliance with the U.N. embargo.
* Publish information on buying offices' practices with regard to the embargo and allow the U.N. access to all records of diamond purchases.
* Assist the U.N. in developing criteria and means to establish the origin of Angolan rough diamonds consistently.
To the International Oil Companies
* Encourage the government to reach a "shadow agreement"-an audit that ensures that all future oil profit remittances are spent in a transparent manner and not for covert arms purchases or loan repayments-with the International Monetary Fund. In particular, the shadow agreement audit should ensure that oil remittances are not used to purchase indiscriminate weapons, such as antipersonnel landmines.
* Ensure that all their down-stream franchises in Angola's neighboring states are informed of the oil and petroleum embargo on UNITA and are required to inform the national police and the U.N. of any suspicious bulk purchasing of fuel, so that fuel does not reach UNITA.
* Assist the U.N. Sanctions Committee in trying to locate the source of UNITA fuel.