Condemned Communities: Forced Evictions in Jakarta

Condemned Communities

Forced Evictions in Jakarta

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I. Summary

Key Recommendations

II. Methods

III. Background

A Legacy of Evictions and Inadequate Access to Housing for the Poor

Infrastructure Development and the Role of International Agencies

Governor Sutiyoso’s Campaign Against the Poor and Migrants

Public Order Officials

Urban Gangs Involved in Evictions

IV. Insecure Land Tenure

V. What is a “Forced Eviction”?

Legal Standards

Notice and Compensation Requirements in Indonesia

Justifications for Evictions Offered by the Jakarta government

VI. Violence and Excessive Use of Force

Excessive Use of Force Against Residents

Destruction and Loss of Personal Property

Government Use of Urban Gangs

Violence and Intimidation Against NGO Activists

VII. Lack of Consultation

Failure to Consult

Insufficient Notice

Discriminatory Impact of Notification Process on Women

VIII. Inadequate Compensation

Coercion and Lack of Consultation in the Compensation Process

No Compensation

Low Compensation

Compensation Reduced by Government

Corruption in the Compensation Process

Provision of Inadequate Alternative Land

IX. Consequences of Evictions

Effects of Evictions on Women and Girls

Effects of Evictions on Children

Effects of Evictions on Migrants

Inadequate Shelter Following Evictions

Cyclical Nature of Evictions

X. Detailed Recommendations

To the Jakarta Regional Government

To Both the Regional and National Governments

To the National Government of Indonesia

To International Donors

To the Japan Bank for International Cooperation

To Private Sector Developers, Construction Companies, Architectural Firms, and Others Involved in Building Projects in Indonesia

To the United Nations

Appendix 1: How to Submit an Objection to a JBIC Project

Appendix 2: Links to Important Documents

Acknowledgements

September 2006 Volume 18, No. 10(C)