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Criminal Politics

Violence, “Godfathers” and Corruption in Nigeria

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Summary and Recommendations
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More on Human Rights Watch's work on Nigeria

Summary

Recommendations

Historical Background and Context

Political Violence

The Scale of Nigeria’s Violence Epidemic

The Human Rights Impact of Political Violence

Politicians, Cults and Gangs

Justifying and Taking Violence for Granted

Corruption, Godfatherism and the Funding of Political Violence

Corruption and Poverty in Nigeria

Nigeria’s Political Godfathers

Corruption and the Funding of Political Violence

Entrenching Impunity: Federal Government Complicity, Human Rights Abuse and Corruption

Impunity and Governance in Nigeria

Rewarding Abuse and Corruption

Impunity and the 2007 Elections

The Nigerian Police and Impunity for Political Violence

Selective Use of Anti-Corruption Institutions

Case Study A: Oyo State

The Godfather of Ibadan

Adedibu’s War Against Ladoja

Oyo’s 2007 Elections: A Victory for Corruption and Impunity

Federal Government Complicity

Aftermath

Case Study B: Anambra State

Godfatherism in Anambra State

Impeachment through Corruption and Intimidation

Mobilizing Cult Groups for the 2007 Elections

The 2007 Elections and their Aftermath

Case Study C: Rivers State

Sowing the seeds of Violence: The 2003 Elections in Rivers

The Legacy of the 2003 Polls in Rivers

Impunity for Violence

Case Study D: Gombe State

Gombe’s “Kalare” Gangs

Kalare Violence and the 2007 Elections in Gombe

Police Inaction and Abuse

Role of Nigeria’s Federal Government

Role of Nigeria’s International Partners

Annex

Acknowledgments

October 2007 Volume 19, No. 16(A)

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