SUFFERING IN SILENCEThe Links between Human Rights Abuses and HIV Transmission to Girls in Zambia Human Rights Watch
Copyright © November 2002 by Human Rights Watch.
ISBN:
Cover photo: Copyright ©
Addresses for Human Rights Watch
1630 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20009
2nd Floor, 2-12 Pentonville Road London N1 9HF, UK
15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the Human Rights Watch news e-mail list,
Human Rights Watch is dedicated to
We stand with victims and activists to prevent
We investigate and expose
We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. Our reputation for timely, reliable disclosures has made us an essential source of information for those concerned with human rights. We address the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law, and a vigorous civil society; we document and denounce murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, discrimination, and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Our goal is to hold governments accountable if they transgress the rights of their people.
The regional directors of Human Rights Watch are Peter Takirambudde, Africa; José Miguel Vivanco, Americas; Brad Adams, Asia; Elizabeth Andersen, Europe and Central Asia; and Hanny Megally, Middle East and North Africa. The thematic division directors are Steve Goose (Acting), arms; Lois Whitman, children_s; and LaShawn R. Jefferson, women_s. The members of the board of directors are Jonathan Fanton, Chair; Robert L. Bernstein, Founding Chair, Khaled Abou El Fadl, Lisa Anderson, Lloyd Axworthy, David Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Edith Everett, Michael Gellert, Vartan Gregorian, Alice H. Henkin, James F. Hoge, Jr., Stephen L. Kass, Marina Pinto Kaufman, Wendy Keys, Bruce Klatsky, Joanne Leedom-Ackerman, Josh Mailman, Joel Motley, Samuel K. Murumba, Jane Olson, Peter Osnos, Kathleen Peratis, Catherine Powell, Bruce Rabb, Sigrid Rausing, Orville Schell, Sid Sheinberg, Gary G. Sick, Domna Stanton, John J. Studzinski, Shibley Telhami, Maureen White, Maya Wiley. Emeritus Board: Roland Algrant, Adrian DeWind, and Malcolm Smith. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis report was researched by Janet Fleischman, Human Rights Watch's Washington Director for Africa, and Joanne Csete, director of the HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Program, and written by Janet Fleischman. The research is a joint project of the HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Program and the Children's Rights Division. Joanne Csete; Lois Whitman, executive director of the Children's Rights Division; LaShawn R. Jefferson, executive director of the Women's Rights Division; Bronwen Manby, deputy director of the Africa Rights Division; James Ross, senior legal advisor; and Ian Gorvin, consultant to the Program Office edited the report. Human Rights Watch gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Professor Muna Ndulo of Cornell University and Constance M. Lewanika, country coordinator of Women in Law and Development in Africa (WILDAF)-Zambia in reviewing the legal section. Human Rights Watch is grateful for the assistance of numerous organizations and individuals in Zambia focusing on orphans and vulnerable children, women's rights, HIV/AIDS, health care, education, and human rights. Most of all, Human Rights Watch wishes to thank all the girls and young women in Zambia who agreed to be interviewed for this report. Their courage and candor provides hope for the future, and made this report possible. We also acknowledge with gratitude the financial support of the John M. Lloyd Foundation. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SUMMARY 11
III. METHODS 88
HIV/AIDS in Africa 1010
V. ABUSES RELATED TO RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION: VOICES OF GIRLS 2525 Sexual Abuse Within the Family 2525
VI. SHORTCOMINGS AND RISK FACTORS WITHIN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 5151 International Law 5151
National HIV Policy and National AIDS Council 6565
VIII. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE 7474 Global AIDS Fund Grant to Zambia 7474
APPENDIX I: CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 7979
|