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SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
From renewed hostilities between Israel and Hamas to the tremendous suffering of civilians in Sudan.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Myanmar, Ethiopia and the Sahel.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
And that 2023 was the hottest year on record.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Wildfires, drought and storms affected the lives of millions of people globally.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
These, and many other human rights crises and their consequences are not solvable by governments acting alone.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
But the international human rights framework the collection of rules states have agreed upon provides the roadmap to protect everyone’s dignity.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
We have seen what’s possible when people’s human rights are respected and protected.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
In June, following years of civil society pressure, the Japanese Parliament passed its first law to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people from “unfair discrimination.”
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Brazil’s Supreme Court upheld all Indigenous peoples’ rights to their traditional lands.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
The ruling was a huge boost for Indigenous people in their fight to preserve their way of life.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Despite the power of human rights to protect everyone’s dignity, the system of rules we rely on to deliver on that promise is under threat.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Many countries quickly and justifiably condemned the attacks on October 7 by Hamas, but many others have been reserved in responding to the actions by the Israeli government in the collective punishment of civilians in Gaza.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Meanwhile, armed conflict in Sudan has led to widespread abuses, but has attracted little international attention, while the people of Sudan continue to pay the highest price.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
This selective outrage leaves the impression that some lives matter more than others, which undermines faith in the idea that everyone’s human rights deserve protection.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
And when governments ignore their human rights commitments altogether, in the name of security or trade, when dealing with autocratic leaders, it can embolden those leaders to extend the reach of their repression.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Civil society, courts, and human rights commissions are also increasingly under threat by governments that want to exercise power without constraints.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
And governments are increasingly using technology platforms to silence and censor critics.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
These threats underline that governments should urgently respect, protect and defend human rights to build thriving and inclusive societies.
SOUNDBITE: Tirana Hassan, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, 2024-01-03, New York (USA):
Upholding human rights consistently, across the board, no matter who the victims are or where the rights violations are being committed, is the only way to build the world we want to live in, where everyone’s dignity is respected and protected.
（纽约）－人权观察今天发表《2024世界人权报告》指出，2023年发生了近年来最严重的危机与挑战，造成无数生命损失，而全球领导人未能在这一年中采取坚定立场捍卫人权。各国政府不应再参与交易外交，而应尽全力维护普世人权原则。
以色列政府和哈马斯再度爆发武装冲突，和乌克兰、缅甸、埃塞俄比亚、萨赫勒地区的冲突同样导致巨大苦难。 2023年是自1880年全球有纪录以来最炎热的一年，从孟加拉、利比亚到加拿大都因野火、干旱和风暴侵袭而产生混乱。世界各地的经济不平等都在加剧，政策决定造成大量民众挣扎求生而导致的民愤也不断高涨。
“我们赖以保护人权的国际体制正面临威胁，世界各国领导人却对普世人权原则遭到违反视而不见，” 人权观察执行长蒂拉娜・哈桑（Tirana Hassan）说。“每当有国家忽视这些全球公认的普世原则，就会有人付出代价，这种代价有时包括民众的生命。”
这份人权观察第34次发布的世界人权报告，篇幅740页，内容检视全球100多个国家的人权现况。执行长蒂拉娜・哈桑在导言中表示：2023年是影响深远的一年，不仅因为这一年发生的人权压迫和战争暴行，也因为一些政府采取双重标准和交易外交，导致被排除于交易外交在外者的权利遭受重大损害。但她说，也有些希望的征象表明采取不同途径是可能的，她并呼吁各国政府以一贯态度履行人权义务。
人权观察表示，各国政府适用人权框架时的双重标准不仅可能造成无数生灵涂炭，还会导致各种负责执行和保护人权的制度一点一滴地失去人们的信任。当各国政府一面理直气壮谴责以色列政府对加沙平民的战争罪行，一面对中国政府在新疆的危害人类罪行不闻不问，或者要求国际起诉俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争罪行却不支持追究美国在阿富汗的暴行责任，这样的双重标准必然削弱对人权普世性的信念，以及为保护人权而制定的法律的正当性。
人权观察指出，各国政府发现在国际场合更容易无视人权议题，部分原因就是它们在国内侵犯人权的行为没有受到国际社会质疑。
人权观察指出，人权危机和人道主义危机导致许多人质疑人权框架的有效性，因为当更民主、更尊重人权的政府对人权途径的支持冷淡，侵犯人权的政府便能从中获益。公民社会组织、草根运动和人权捍卫者可以帮助重建人权框架，作为建设繁盛、包容社会的蓝图。
许多谴责哈马斯战争罪行的政府在回应以色列政府的战争罪行时有所保留。美国和大多数欧盟成员国不愿抨击以色列政府的暴行，和它们过去拒绝敦促以色列政府结束对加沙长达16年的封锁如出一辙。
以政治名义在人权问题上妥协的一个明显案例，就是许多国家的政府对中国政府不断加强镇压不置一词。中国政府对一百万维吾尔族和其他突厥裔穆斯林的文化迫害和任意拘留足以构成危害人类罪，但包括穆斯林国家在内的许多政府却保持沉默。
苏丹于2023年4月陷入武装冲突，该国两大军头为争夺权力展开交战，联合国未能阻止平民遭受大规模迫害，特别是在达尔富尔地区。在苏丹政府坚持下，联合国安理会关闭了它在苏丹的政治使团，以致联合国在当地保护平民和公开报导人权状况的能力所剩无几。对于苏丹政府在与国际刑事法院合作方面的不妥协态度，联合国也几乎未采任何措施加以扭转。
在美国，拜登总统几乎从不考虑追究人权侵犯者的责任——只要这些人对他的国内政策具有关键作用，或属于中国势力范围。沙特阿拉伯、印度和埃及等美国盟邦继续大规模侵犯国内人民的权利。
欧盟漠视其人权义务，将庇护寻求者和移民推往其他国家，或与利比亚和土耳其等侵犯人权政府协商封堵移民入境。亚太地区民主国家的政府，包括日本、韩国和澳大利亚，一贯以维护军事同盟和贸易为名，把人权摆在次要地位。
印度在莫迪总理领导下由民主向专制倒退，当局以少数群体为打击目标，加强高压政策，解散各种独立自主的机构。
在突尼斯，赛义德总统取消了制衡机制。萨尔瓦多总统布克尔利用高犯罪率进行安全镇压，以攫夺并巩固权力。在孟加拉，哈西娜总理的政府在2024年1月大选前下令逮捕一万多名反对派领袖和支持者。
然而，正如这些威胁是相互关联的，人权框架保护人们自由与尊严的力量也是如此。
国际法院在11月做成具有里程碑意义的裁决，命令叙利亚政府防止酷刑和其他虐待。日本国会通过第一部保护女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别人士免受 “不公平的歧视” 的法律。在墨西哥，公民社会团体组成的联盟说服国会立法确认完全法律行为能力，惠及数百万身心障碍人士和老年人。
3 月，国际刑事法院对俄罗斯总统普京及其儿童权利专员发出逮捕令，罪名是将乌克兰被占领土上的儿童强转移到俄罗斯的战争罪行。巴西最高法院维护了所有原住民族对其传统土地的权利，这是防止亚马逊森林遭砍伐的最有效屏障之一。
11月，英国最高法院无异议裁定卢旺达并非英国政府得向其输送庇护寻求者的安全第三国，从而推翻了一份实际上将英国的庇护责任转嫁于卢旺达的协议。
“世界各地的人权危机表明，必须尽速将国际人权法由来已久且相互同意的原则适用到所有地方，” 哈桑说。“各国政府若能采取原则外交，将各国的人权义务置于其对外关系的核心，将可影响压迫行为，并对权利受侵犯的人们产生有意义的作用。”
